Friday, March 20, 2020

Why Globalization is seen as a Polarizing Factor in the International Community

Why Globalization is seen as a Polarizing Factor in the International Community Vandana Shiva (2005) seems to disagree with Thomas Friedman over the role of globalization in the international system. Vandana (2005) argues that the effects of globalization are so adverse to the people of the third world and other developing economies. He observes that people of the third world have been presented a raw deal in the globalized economy.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Why Globalization is seen as a Polarizing Factor in the International Community specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Globalization can be considered the buzzword for the 21st century. Globalization is a means or a process of reorienting and reconfiguring the world leading to the establishment of a new system of governance that is, a globalized world. The one, which is, as Francis Fukuyama (1992) pointed out, characterized by the convergence of systems whether this will lead to the formation of a single global economy or just num ber of regional organizations with homogenized or converging objectives is a matter of debate. Globalization has transformed the entire international system in very fundamental ways, not just the way Vandana (2005) thinks. Indeed, even the few entities, institutions and systems that have resisted the effects of globalization have been forced to transform the way they operate to withstand the effects of globalization. Globalization has led to a massive transformation in which individuals, households and rural communities have become directly involved in global processes and an exposure to a more diversified economy. This has brought about a new relationship between power and the division of labor (Mittelman, 1997). The transformations that have been imposed by globalization have not spared any entity in the international system, be they individual states, MNCs or any other non-state actors. Developed nations have been impacted by globalization as the developing nations. Therefore, Va ndana’s claim that developing nations are the only affected is null and void. In the rich nations for instance, globalization has led to generation of internal third world (Galbraith, 1992). While in the developing countries, centers of wealth have been created.Advertising Looking for critical writing on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The effects of globalization however have not been uniform, just as Vandana argues. MNCs and other entities in the North have been affected differently from local firms and those in the South, an aspect that Vandan does not capture in his argument (Vandana, 2005). Globalization involves forces that are beyond one country’s control and therefore reduces the power and scope of the state. It is associated with the declining regulatory role of the state (Sassen, 1997). Held David et al capture the essence of globalization when they argue that it is th e widening, deepening and speeding up of worldwide interconnectedness in all aspects of contemporary social life (Held, et al 1992). On the other hand, globalization has introduced a new way reasoning whereby the countries think globally and act locally. The way think global and act locally work or regionally works is that while the functions related to technology, information, product brand development and finance are managed on global scale, functions related to manufacturing, sub-contracting and marketing are managed on regional or local basis to increase responsiveness (Dierks, 2001). In a sense, the new technology innovativeness has led to a global-localization of production. Under the think global act globally era, product design remained unchanged for decades. Calculators, television sets and other technologies looked the same and remained unchanged for decades globally. In the think global act local epoch, product models changed rapidly. Indeed, there is almost a new model/s tyle of computer almost every 3-6 months. The Coca-Cola company for instance remained unchanged between 1960 and 1980, but has had numerous changes in the last five or so years.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Why Globalization is seen as a Polarizing Factor in the International Community specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Dierks, R. (2001). Introduction to globalization: political and economic perspectives. Chicago, Illnois. Fukuyama, F. (1992). The end of History and the Last man. New York: Free press. Galbraith, K. (1992). Culture of Contentment: Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02689966?LI=true Held, et al. (1992). The Columbia history of Eastern Europe in the twentieth century. Washington, DC: Columbia University Press. Mittelman, J.H. (1997). Innovation and transformation in international studies. Cambridge: Press Syndicate,. Sassen, J. van der Wal, J. (1997). Performance analysis of a real-time database with optimistic concurrency control. Stockholm: TU Ltd. Vandana, S. (2005). The Polarized World of Globalization. Web.Advertising Looking for critical writing on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Wednesday, March 4, 2020

How to Kill a Tree Without Chemicals

How to Kill a Tree Without Chemicals Killing a tree is hard work, particularly if you avoid using chemical assistance. You have to cut off a trees water, food and/or sunlight at a critical time in its life cycle to do the job. Herbicides work by gumming up or shutting down a trees working parts to deprive the plant of one or more of the above.   Using the Bark Trees can be killed without herbicides or chemicals but extra time, patience, and understanding of tree anatomy are necessary. You most especially need to know about the function of a trees inner bark- cambium, xylem, and phloem- and how they combine forces to affect a trees life.   The bark is a trees most vulnerable body part above ground and the easiest target for an effective kill. Damaging enough roots to kill the tree quickly is complicated and hard to do without using chemicals. The bark is made up of cork and phloem which protects the cambium and xylem. Dead xylem cells carry water and minerals from the roots to the leaves and are considered the trees wood. Phloem, a living tissue, carries manufactured food (sugars) from the leaves to the roots. The cambium, which is a moist layer only a few cells thick, is the regenerative layer that gives birth to xylem on its inside and phloem to its outside. Destroying the Bark If the food-transporting phloem is severed all the way around the tree (a process called girdling), food cannot be carried to the roots and they will eventually die. As the roots die, so does the tree. Periods of rapid growth, usually from March until June in North America, are the best times to girdle a tree. These spring growth spurts are when tree bark slips. The phloem and cork layer easily peels free, leaving the cambium and xylem exposed. Remove as wide a section of bark as you have time to make an adequate girdle ring. Then scrape (or chop) into the surface of the xylem to remove the cambium. If any cambial material remains, the tree will heal by overgrowing the girdle. The best time to girdle is before the trees leaf out. The process of leafing out will deplete energy stores from the roots, which stores cannot be renewed if the phloem conduit has been interrupted. Avoid the Sprout Some trees are prolific sprouters and produce adventitious twigs near an injury. If you dont remove or kill the entire root, you just may have to control these sprouts. Sprouts coming out below the girdle must be removed as they will continue the process of feeding the roots if left to grow. When you are removing these sprouts, it is a good idea to check the girdled strip and remove any bark and cambium that may be trying to bridge the wound. Even cutting a tree down cant guarantee it will be killed. Many tree species, particularly some deciduous broad-leaf species, will sprout back from the original stump and root system.